The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie
Well, now I can cross off The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie off of my list. I’ve been sitting at my keyboard for what seems like forever trying to figure out how to review this book. This story seems to have so many themes for just a short little book that I don’t even know where to begin. What do I want to focus on? Maybe this post will have no focus, just some ramblings. Stick with me.
Arnold Spirit lives on the Indian reservation in Washington where he’s a loser and outcast. He has no hope for his future. His grandparents were poor, his parents were poor, he’s dirt poor. He has no hope because nobody ever leaves the reservation. It seems as though everybody has accepted their fate that “white” people are the only ones allowed hope and they simply give up on life. But Arnold can’t accept this and soon after having the following conversation with a teacher decides he wants to transfer to a white school located off of the reservation:
“But not you,” Mr. P said. “You can’t give up. You won’t give up. You threw that book in my face because somewhere inside you refuse to give up.”
[ . . . ] “If you stay on this rez,” Mr. P said, “they’re going to kill you. I’m going to kill you. You can’t fight us forever [ . . . ] You kept your hope. And now you have to take your hope and go somewhere where other people have hope.”
I was staring to understand. He was a math teacher. I had to add my hope to somebody else’s hope. I had to multiply hope by hope.
“Where is Hope?” I asked. “Who has hope?”
“Son,” Mr. P said. “You’re going to find more and more hope the farther and farther you walk away from this sad, sad, sad reservation.”
So he finds himself betraying everybody he knows by transferring schools. The Indians don’t understand him and the whites don’t understand him. Arnold says:
Traveling between Reardan and Wellpinit, between the little white town and the reservation, I always felt like a stranger.
I was half Indian in one place and half white in the other.
This book is really funny. Arnold is a cartoonist and his dairy is filled with fun and quirky pictures. I’ve come to understand that Sherman Alexie (visit his website here) used many experiences from his own life and the book is semi-autobiographical. Sherman and his character, Arnold, both succeed in breaking away from their predetermined fate on the reservation. I was surprised at how many stereotypes there were in this book. If it weren’t for the fact that this book was written by a Native American, I would be appalled. But Alexie says for him, the experiences were real. I also could have done without the masturbation (oh my . . . two posts in a row where I talk about this).
After losing friends and family, Arnold begins to write “joy” lists to “try to find the little pieces of joy in my life.” My new friend, Tarie over at Into the Wardrobe listed her favorite “joy” items and I thought what a great idea. So Tarie, here they are!
My Joy List:
The smell of a freshly bathed baby
My husband coming home an hour earlier than expected from work
The first signs that spring is on the way
Watching my two little boys having a great time
Thai food!!!
Sleeping in and napping
Taking time out for just me
Reading
A good scalp massage (heavenly!)
Finding the time to actually shower during the day
Vacations to Hawaii
Spending time with my family
Feeling the sun on my back while working out in the garden
Fresh tomatoes straight from the garden
Garden zucchinis, steamed and buttered!
A sleeping child
Knowing that one day we WILL vacation in Thailand
First time my little boy called me Mama instead of Dada
Overall, a fun, cute, but thought provoking book with some crude humor. The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie teaches us not to be limited by our circumstances. To reach out for more. To live up to our true potential. Don’t give up. Everybody deserves hope.
Links of interest: Sherman Alexie website, more book blogger reviews.
Genre: Young Adult Fiction
Publisher: Little, Brown. September 12, 2007.
Hardcover, 240 pages. ISBN 0316013684
Source copy: Library
The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is available from your favorite independent bookstore, Powell’s, and Amazon.
Hey you! Yes. You! I've noticed that you've stopped by to visit a few times! But I don't know who you are. Why don't you take a moment and introduce yourself. Don't be scared. I try not to bite. I know you're a lurker but I'd love to hear your thoughts about what's been bringing you here. And if you haven't done so already, don't forget to never miss a post by subscribing to my feed or receiving updates by email. Thanks for visiting!
Tags: A-D Title, banned, Cybils finalist, Fiction, male author, National Book Award, National Book Award Winner, Newbery, published 2007, Publisher: Little Brown Books for Young Readers
 |
| or | 
|
Maw Books has an affiliate relationship with several bookstores, including Indiebound, Powell’s, and Amazon . When you buy a product (not just books – any product), via one of my links, Maw Books earns income from the sale and as always, it’s much appreciated as all affiliate income is used to support the blog. There is no cost to you.
Part of me thinks I should add this book to my list because it sounds better than some I already have, another says I already have too many books and I should hold out for those with no reservations (crude humor). I guess I will just waffle on it for a while.
on March 1st, 2008 at 10:22 amFramed – It’s worth the read and it goes by quickly as well. I read it in just a day so at least you don’t have to commit tons of time to it.
on March 3rd, 2008 at 2:00 pmThe Joy list reminds me of Simple Abundance – it is always good to remember what makes us happy or what we are grateful for.
on April 27th, 2008 at 10:25 amI kind of want to read this, but I was disappointed by Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. Still, it’s been getting such good buzz.
on April 30th, 2008 at 1:29 pmI just wrote my review of this book… and I totally agree with you about not knowing what to say. I liked it, but it made me sad too… very conflicting! And there was so much going on in such a short book that I didn’t really know how to explain what I liked about it. So, I put together a very short review.
on December 13th, 2008 at 3:15 pmI linked to yours too! Thanks.
Heather – There are a lot of themes in this little book. I’m off to find yours . . .
on December 14th, 2008 at 9:15 pm[...] Natasha at Maw Books [...]
on December 16th, 2008 at 5:07 ambeing part indian, i found this book to be so funny. funny because it made me realize that at times all indians have is humor…what else is there to do sometimes but just accept things and laugh. i wasn’t raised on the rez but my dad was. i can’t wait to show him this book. i’d love to read it to him and just watch his reactions…tears, laughter, brutal honesty, and hopefully a hopeful smile. i thought the book was brilliant.
on January 11th, 2009 at 11:57 amthis book was rather disagreeable. it was a 6th grade writing style with the maturity level of an 8th grader. any body in their right mind would know that this book is a failure and the publisher should be defenestrated and ashamed of him or herself.
on September 19th, 2009 at 7:43 pmpity…
I think that the charm of the book came from the fact that it was written from a young teenage boy’s perspective. The writing was simple and direct and it made the book easy to relate to understand. If you look deeper into the themes of the book you find that there are very mature messages about identity and self discovery. I think the controversy around banning the book is ridiculous. The inappropriate parts are what adds to the honesty of the book. I think there is a lot of reality in this book and we should not be afraid of it, but instead embrace it and respect that it is so openly written about.
on November 2nd, 2009 at 7:59 pmI found this book hilarious, the way Sherman Alexie writes, is as if he is a young boy, made the book seem realistic. Alexie’s truthful writing created a novel but made it seem like a story that he will tell his son when he is old enough. I believe that this novel was hard to write for Alexie, since is was about his childhood, but the way he put himself out there, for the whole world to read of his journeys through out high school is really brave. It shows how Alexie doesn’t care what other people think, and how courageous he is to put himself out there, just like Junior does.
on November 2nd, 2009 at 8:24 pmJulian – I’m sorry you felt that way.
Grace – There aren’t a lot of books out there for teen boys so it’s great that this one is out there.
Imogene – I just saw Alexie speak in person and he was HILARIOUS. A stand-up comedian. So funny.
on November 4th, 2009 at 11:12 amThe Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is written in a style that can come off as crude and offensive to some. Although after comprehending and reading the story about Junior I can some what relate to the hardship he goes through. In life, we tend not to here the side of the “underdogs” or in this case the Native Americans. It might be a shock for us to see how they live so differently than an average white person but it is the truth. Yes, there might be more alcohol use, violence used in daily lives, and sexual references brought up by younger generations, but those are the negative facts that are commonly seen at Indian reservations. But what about the positive parts in the book? Sherman Alexie is an amazing writer who knows how to play with your mind. He isn’t afraid to put two contrasting emotions and have you feel both at the same time. This book has won many awards but as I read only the negative comments I question why has it won so many awards if people only are dwelling on the negatives? Maybe, it is because under all of the controversial topics, we can pick up the themes that aren’t always easy to hear but we find ways to relate to them. For instance, family and friends are always there for you even through times of change. The truth can show us that no matter how different we are, we are all the same in some way. And the truth should be told.
on November 4th, 2009 at 5:56 pmThe Absolutely True diary of a Part-Time Indianan is an award winning book because it includes many issues that teenagers today can relate to. This book should not be banned from schools because students need to read the truth and not just fictional books. In this book students can learn what is was like for Arnold, the protagonist to live on the Indian reservation and go to a all white school. Parents feel this book is controversial because of the sexual content. Sherman Alexie uses sexual content in his book humorously. He does this so students can laugh and become more interested by his book. More teenagers may be interested in this book because it has become controversial.
on November 8th, 2009 at 11:53 amAfter reading Absolutely True Diary, I find myself constantly relating my everyday life to the book. I think that the reason for this is that the story was from the perspective of a boy not much younger than myself. I recently wrote a paper on why this book should not be banned, and my main argument was the fact that because this book is geared toward teenagers, the profanities in the book are nothing new to us. There are only a few sections of the book that are mildly inappropriate, but I think that it adds to the reality and honesty of the book. I also think that Sherman Alexie’s book was downright hysterical, but in a very dry and subtle way. The lessons taught by Alexie through Junior are quite valuable to teenagers all around the world, and I think if the book was banned, they might not be taught in a very effective way.
on November 8th, 2009 at 9:58 pmI find that the Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is one of the most amazing books ever. I disagree with how it is being directed to a children’s audience, but I understand why he does so since the book itself is written in a children’s way. I love Alexie’s bluntness in his writing, and how he does not hide with metaphorical words what is true. Alexie shows many of the stereotypes that are portrayed in his everyday life, and it has given me an insight to my own life as being one of few Latinas going to a predominantly caucasian highschool. Although my experience is quiet difficult, it is not as complex and intense as Arnold’s since most of his experiences do not happen to me. I love this book very much, and I disagree with it being banned.
on November 11th, 2009 at 10:08 pmThe absolutely diary of a part time Indian
on November 13th, 2009 at 10:51 ami love this book that i had actually read it in two days
on December 9th, 2009 at 2:05 pmFirstly I’d like to note that I thought your review was great and made perfect sense to me. I also found the book extremely enjoyable and witty. Alexie finds a great voice in Arnold and the way he writes is not artificial at all. I think we can all relate to what Arnold feels throughout the story whether we were losers or not in high school because of the real factor. I’m excited to read more of Alexie’s work.
on February 11th, 2010 at 9:03 pmI greatly enjoyed this book. It was very witty, funny, and fun to read in general. I say that because I really did enjoy the book. I must say however, I agree with the Ban. It looks like I am one of the first on this thread to do so, but I feel that the other side must be argued.
Yes the reason that there is controversy surrounding the book is because of the mention of Masturbation. But there is more to it then that. Throughout the book there are a lot of ideas that are transferred subconsciously to the reader. I am willing to bet that most of the people on this blog who have read the book have a different perspective of Reservation Indians. I am also willing to bet that those perspectives are not extremely positive. Alexie describes the Indians from the rez as drunks who are violent and beat each other up. He portrays them as stupid, and almost like they live off of animal instincts. He never says anything directly racist about them, but the overall picture he paints is not pretty.
Another little reason to ban the book is because of it’s language. In schools, kids are not allowed to use the words F*** or N*****. Alexie uses some of those words frequently. Why is it suddenly ok to be reading these words in class if students aren’t supposed to use them?
I hope I have opened some eyes out there about why this book should not be read in school. I really enjoyed the book, I just think it is a better book to be reading independently instead of as a required reading book.
on February 11th, 2010 at 11:34 pmI agree with Heather, so much went on in this book in such a short amount of time, but I still feel as though there’s much to like and love about it. The realism and honesty is what I enjoyed the most. But the publisher shouldn’t feel stupid, there’s most likely a reason why Sherman Alexie wrote the book the way he did. Most people call the way in which authors write their books their “writing style”. I loved the book and it honestly made me feel a range of emotions, I was happy I was sad, I was remorseful, I felt Arnold’s pain and joy through the whole book.Sherman made the book so relatable and beyond realistic.
I disagree with Diego because there’s alot students can take from the book, besides the fact that it’s a quick read leaving more time for more dense books, I feel even those in high school need to be reminded of somethings after reading this book. While reading this, I thought of many lessons I learned that help me get through life and allowed me to become more resilient. To go beyond what we can learn from the book I loved it and I honestly think everyone should read it.
on February 12th, 2010 at 2:22 pm[...] THE ABSOLUTELY TRUE DIARY OF A PART-TIME INDIAN, by Sherman Alexie. Illustrated by Ellen Forney. A young boy leaves his reservation for an all-white school. (Ages 12 and up) [...]
on March 28th, 2010 at 9:38 pmI really recommend this book; I had to read it for a school project and honestly I didn’t love the idea of reading it, but i ended up loving the book. If you are thinking about it just read it because anyone can have fun and relate to this book.
on May 24th, 2010 at 10:41 pm[...] THE ABSOLUTELY TRUE DIARY OF A PART-TIME INDIAN, by Sherman Alexie. Illustrated by Ellen Forney. A young boy leaves his reservation for an all-white school. (Ages 12 and up) [...]
on June 6th, 2010 at 11:04 pmi need quotes please find some qoutes from this book and once you do please email it to me and with a page number in citations next to it, its for a summer project and its due on the first day of school so i need it asap. Thank you and please
on July 26th, 2010 at 5:57 pm«??????????? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???-?????????? ????????? ? ??? ????. ?????????? ??????????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? powerpoint ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????, ???????? ??????? CRM – ??? ERP -??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ??? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????????, ? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? powerpoint ????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ???????. ???? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ???????, ??????? powerpoint viewer office powerpoint 2007 ??????? ? ???????? ?????, ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ? ????????? ??????? microsoft powerpoint 2003 ?????? ??????????? powerpoint ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????????????».
on September 25th, 2010 at 1:06 am??????? ?? ???????? ? ???, ??? ???????? ???? ??????? powerpoint 2003 powerpoint ?????? ???? (? ???????? ?????? ???????) ??? ???, ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????
I just read this book with my 10th grade English class. I loved this book! I thought it gave a refreshing and original perspective on teenage life. I think that the banning of this book is ridiculous. I think that although this book sometimes uses crude or vulgar language, that part of the book is completely out-weighed by the truths and life knowledge that it gives its readers. I think that this book is a must read!
on November 7th, 2010 at 4:19 pmThe absolutely true Diary of a Part Time Indian. This book is verry interesthing. And i lorned about this book. we reaede this book everyday.
on December 15th, 2010 at 9:23 amThis book while mainly focusing on Sherman Alexie’s life story just told through fictional events, this book has life lessons that pertain to everyone. He writes about his struggles in his culture and how it differs from the culture at his new school of Reardan.
on December 15th, 2010 at 9:54 amI would also like to (sorry) say that personally this book had the worst ending possible. While it ends in what would normally be a terrific finale, it simmers instead of exploding. My only regret about this book it the ending. Besides that it is a great book.
on December 15th, 2010 at 12:41 pmI thought that this book was a great piece of literature. It showed a great realistic view on life through the eyes of a teenager. I thought that the taboo themes that are brought up are very interesting to read about. Sherman Alexie uses great methods to get across his messages.
TO 10th Grade Student:I thought that the end of this book was good. This book is talks about life in a realistic fashion so the ending wasn’t going to be wrapped up in a big bow. It leaves you to think and interrupt for yourself a little which is nice.
I loved this book!
on December 15th, 2010 at 4:18 pmThis book, considered inappropriate to some, contains very important life lessons that teenagers may not be albe to discover by simply talking to other people. This book brings to life the idea that teenagers all over the country are bullied because of their appearance. I learned a lot from this book, stuff that I wouldn’t have ever learned without reading. The “taboo topics” that Alexie brings up in this book are not ones that kids enjoy discussing with their parents or even peers. Reading about these controversial topics in a book helps you sear clear of the awkward conversations with parents. I do not think that this book should be banned, the life lessons are important. While this book is extremely inappropriate for younger kids, teenagers that have more maturity can handle the hars realities of this book.
on December 15th, 2010 at 8:07 pmCody, I read your response and it made me have hope for this book. You being part indian and having family members that have gone through things that have been mentioned in the books shows the real truth behind it all. I truly do not think that this book is trying to be offensive in anyway. It is attempting to make a statement. Junior is trying to create a new life, or as the epigraph states, a new world. This book should not be banned. It is too important for teenagers to read. This is because, it is our duty to better the future. By reading books like this one it helps us to grow and gain more acceptance. I say ask the kids if they want it to be banned instead of the parents. We should stand up for what we want just like Junior did in the book.
on December 16th, 2010 at 1:06 pmThis book has taught me so much in the past few weeks. I never knew how hard life is for people on the reservation, and this book gives good examples of the cycle of racism and failure experienced by Native Americans. The honesty of the book was an aspect that I found the most enjoyable because he really held nothing back. I got many lesson from this book, including being enjoying the little things, having hope, and never giving up. It makes me sad that this book is banned from some schools, and I recommend it to everyone.
on December 16th, 2010 at 7:24 pmMy 10th grade American Literature class just finished reading A Part-Time Indian and are now currently writing an essay on the controversy of its being banned. Personally, I believe that this book should not be banned. Although it does contain slightly controversial content, the content is put there and used in such a way as to show only the negative connotations that go along with it. I really enjoyed reading Alexie’s book. I felt like I could really relate to Junior and the the things and feelings he was experiencing even though I might not have experienced them myself. To those who support banning the book, I think you should take a closer look at the messages behind the text. Sherman Alexie brings up some strong points throughout the book, important points that would have been left out of conversation previously.
on December 16th, 2010 at 7:30 pmOverall, I enjoyed Alexie’s book and had a good time reading it. I really do believe it deserves all the praise it has gotten.
Overall the True Diary was a fantastic read. The easy flow of the book made it enjoyable to learn, while the complex concepts of the book provided a nice challenge. The fearless honesty of the book is refreshing because it does not shelter the reader from the brutality of the truth, and studying this type of book in school really set the tone for the class creating a deep sense of comfort honestly as a whole. I think that any controversy surrounding this book is completely ridicules and based off of over bearing parents anxiety that their children may actually be aware of the real things going on in the world.
on December 16th, 2010 at 9:04 pmI really loved reading this book in english class this year! I thought that Alexie did an amazing job it making this book an easily readable and fun book, but also bringing up many serious topics. I don’t think that this book is too inappropriate for high school students to read at all. All the sexual topics and profane language that is used is nothing new to most high school students. I really enjoy that Alexie wrote a legitimately funny book while still being able to talk about the racism, prejudice and the solitude that a teenager feels when they are very different from everyone else. I think that this book is something that everyone can relate to on some level, and also learn from.
on December 16th, 2010 at 9:21 pmPersonally, I think the book could have been written a lot better. Sherman Alexie is a funny writer and he provides a good plot. However, with such big issues brought up, he makes them seem as if they aren’t as deep. I would only recommend this book to children around the age of 12 with sheltering parents. If the topics had not been controversial and caught the public eye, I don’t believe this book would have sold many copies.
on December 17th, 2010 at 11:57 amOut of all the books I have read in english classes, I found this one the most intriguing. I found the prospective really interesting. I think what engrossed me the most was how much I could relate to Junior’s story even though our lives varied from one another. Although some of the topics were graphic, they added strength to the story. Overall the book had a unique perspective while being relevant to teenage lives.
on December 17th, 2010 at 3:48 pmIt’s Me: I would argue that Sherman Alexie purposely used language that was closer to what a kid Junior’s age would have used in order to make it realistic. Even if the book makes the deep issues that are in it seem less serious, the book does serve as a good jumping off point for deeper discussions on the aforementioned topics. At any rate, many books become famous solely because of the complex and subject matter contained in them.
on January 3rd, 2011 at 12:34 pmI found this book hysterical as well as very serious. It really got all the points it was trying to make across. The way Alexie utilizes comedy is absolutely incredible. It teaches kids a lot of extremely important lessons as well, such as to treat one as you would treat yourself, to never judge a book by its cover, and to be tolerant of everybody. Overall I would recommend this book to literally anyone.
on January 6th, 2011 at 7:07 pmHi, okay so when i first started reading this book, i actually hated it, but once i began reading more, and going back into the book puting things in a better perspective then i started like it more. The thing about this book that you should know is that at first it is kinda sorta weird, and you wanna stop reading but you cant so if you just keep on reading you will love it, honestly its like one of the bestest books i have ever read, and I HATE READING ! haha but go and read it, if you have read this review thank you and enjoy the book
on March 1st, 2011 at 6:32 pmyeah umm we just read this in my conteporary teen lit class grades 11-12 and honestly…. this book made me cringe. the book in my opinion was for the most part boring. some parts were kind of weird. also the boy discreetly spreads an extremely racist outlook on his people. not to mention its chocked-full of stereotypes…. my overall opinion is: this book is a fail and probably should be banned….
on March 10th, 2011 at 6:59 pmyeah umm we just read this in my contemporary teen lit class grades 11-12 and honestly…. this book made me cringe. the book in my opinion was for the most part boring. some parts were kind of weird. also the boy discreetly spreads an extremely racist outlook on his people. not to mention its chocked-full of stereotypes…. my overall opinion is: this book is a fail and probably should be banned….
on March 10th, 2011 at 7:01 pmHey Ray ur a fagget. Obviously your teacher didnt tell explain about the native american culture
on June 19th, 2011 at 10:52 pmI read this book a few years ago, and just finished reading it again with my 10th grade English class. I enjoyed the book when I first read it, but in reading it the second time I realize how much I could have gotten from it. Sherman Alexie’s book teaches hope and perseverance through the eyes of a boy who has many reasons to abandon both. This book introduces Native American culture from the inside, which is a perspective not widely noted in todays literature and society. It is hard to imagine what life would be like in Junior’s shoes, but one must appreciate how strong he is to keep on going after everything he has been through. Overall I really enjoyed ATD and would greatly recommend it to anyone.
on September 20th, 2011 at 8:39 pmAfter finishing this book, I really began to start putting all the pieces together. This book is really more complex and touches on larger issues that the obvious ones. It is a very honest and interesting book because of the structure. Sherman Alexie never holds back and just lets his thoughts do the talking. The themes that it touches on such as identity and poverty really are inspirational. Junior is torn between a Indian living on the Reservation and just another kid going to an all white school. He often questions who he really is, but soon he learns to find a balance. The poverty on the Rez takes away so many opportunities for Junior that other white kids had. His beloved dog Oscar, was shot to death because of the cost of health care that they could not afford. Junior often misses multiple days of school because he does not have enough money for gas. In my opinion, I think that this book should not have been banned in a couple states because censorship is wrong. We must respect the freedom of speech and Sherman Alexie deserves his praise he has received.
on September 22nd, 2011 at 7:24 amAlthough controversial at times, the book provides an insight into, for me, a largely unexplored culture. The topics, while inappropriate and suggestive to some, are a part of life and are important for children to understand. Overall, the book is well written and personally, I recommend it to anyone looking for a good read.
on September 23rd, 2011 at 9:41 amWhen I finished reading this book for my 10th grade English class I was filled with hope for the future of Junior and his best friend Rowdy. I’m aware that this book has brought up much controversy surrounding topics in the book which encompasses many mature themes such as masturbation, racism, and alcoholism to list a few. Yet none of it was just for the sake of throwing it into the pages of this book but instead to prove Alexie’s points of how hard life is for this Indian boy trying his hardest to escape his home on the reservation and ultimately a fate that isn’t for him. Parents should think more clearly about the message and about how in today’s society hard topics such as these are real and prevalent and therefore should be taught to their children.
on September 23rd, 2011 at 11:40 am